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1. Nguyên tắc Unit Test API

Mỗi API cần test các nhóm case cơ bản:

  1. Validate input

  2. Auth / permission

  3. Business logic

  4. Repository interaction

  5. Exception handling

  6. Logging

  7. HTTP status & response

2. Ví dụ API mẫu

Controller:


@RestController @RequestMapping("/users") @RequiredArgsConstructor public class UserController { private final UserService userService; @PostMapping public ResponseEntity<UserResponse> create( @Valid @RequestBody CreateUserRequest req) { return ResponseEntity.ok(userService.create(req)); } }

DTO:


@Data public class CreateUserRequest { @NotBlank private String username; @Email private String email; }

Service:


@Service @RequiredArgsConstructor public class UserService { private final UserRepository repo; public UserResponse create(CreateUserRequest req) { User u = new User(req.getUsername(), req.getEmail()); repo.save(u); return new UserResponse(u.getId(), u.getUsername()); } }

3. Cấu trúc test chuẩn

Dependency:


<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>

Controller test dùng:

  • @WebMvcTest

  • MockMvc

  • @MockBean

4. Test Validate Input

Case cần có:

  • thiếu field bắt buộc

  • email sai format

  • request null


@WebMvcTest(UserController.class) class UserControllerValidationTest { @Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc; @MockBean private UserService userService; @Test void create_shouldFail_whenUsernameBlank() throws Exception { String json = """ {"username":"","email":"a@test.com"} """; mockMvc.perform(post("/users") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content(json)) .andExpect(status().isBadRequest()); } @Test void create_shouldFail_whenEmailInvalid() throws Exception { String json = """ {"username":"john","email":"invalid"} """; mockMvc.perform(post("/users") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content(json)) .andExpect(status().isBadRequest()); } }

5. Test Auth / Permission

Giả sử API cần login:


@WithMockUser @Test void create_shouldSuccess_whenAuthenticated() throws Exception { when(userService.create(any())) .thenReturn(new UserResponse(1L,"john")); String json = """ {"username":"john","email":"a@test.com"} """; mockMvc.perform(post("/users") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content(json)) .andExpect(status().isOk()); }

Test chưa login:


@Test void create_shouldUnauthorized_whenNoAuth() throws Exception { String json = """ {"username":"john","email":"a@test.com"} """; mockMvc.perform(post("/users") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content(json)) .andExpect(status().isUnauthorized()); }

6. Test Business Logic (Service)


@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) class UserServiceTest { @Mock private UserRepository repo; @InjectMocks private UserService service; @Test void create_shouldSaveUser() { CreateUserRequest req = new CreateUserRequest(); req.setUsername("john"); req.setEmail("a@test.com"); when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(i -> i.getArgument(0)); UserResponse res = service.create(req); assertEquals("john", res.getUsername()); verify(repo).save(any()); } }

7. Test Exception Handling

Giả sử email trùng:


when(repo.save(any())) .thenThrow(new DataIntegrityViolationException("dup"));

Test:


@Test void create_shouldThrow_whenDuplicateEmail() { CreateUserRequest req = new CreateUserRequest(); req.setUsername("john"); req.setEmail("a@test.com"); when(repo.save(any())) .thenThrow(new RuntimeException("duplicate")); assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> service.create(req)); }

8. Test Logging

Giả sử service có log:


log.info("Create user {}", req.getUsername());

Test log:


@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) class UserServiceLogTest { @Mock private UserRepository repo; @InjectMocks private UserService service; @Test void create_shouldLog() { CreateUserRequest req = new CreateUserRequest(); req.setUsername("john"); req.setEmail("a@test.com"); when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(i -> i.getArgument(0)); service.create(req); verify(repo).save(any()); } }

(Thực tế có thể dùng LogCaptor)

9. Test HTTP Response


@Test @WithMockUser void create_shouldReturnBody() throws Exception { when(userService.create(any())) .thenReturn(new UserResponse(1L,"john")); String json = """ {"username":"john","email":"a@test.com"} """; mockMvc.perform(post("/users") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content(json)) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath("$.username").value("john")); }

10. Danh sách Case chuẩn cho mỗi API

Mỗi API cần tối thiểu:

Validate

  • thiếu field

  • format sai

  • null body

Auth

  • chưa login

  • sai role

  • đúng role

Business

  • flow thành công

  • dữ liệu biên

  • điều kiện đặc biệt

Repository

  • save OK

  • not found

  • duplicate

Exception

  • DB lỗi

  • logic lỗi

  • external lỗi

Response

  • status code

  • body

  • schema

Log

  • log khi success

  • log khi error

 

11. Checklist Unit Test API

  • Test validate

  • Test auth

  • Test service

  • Mock repo

  • Test exception

  • Test response

  • Verify interaction

  • No DB thật

  • No network

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